Dry eye, a common and often debilitating condition, affects millions of people worldwide, causing discomfort, blurred vision, and increased risk of eye infections. Patients seeking relief from dry eye symptoms can find expert care at a reputable eye center in Modesto, CA. Our experienced ophthalmologists and optometrists provide comprehensive diagnosis and treatment options for dry eye, from artificial tears and lubricants to advanced surgical procedures. By understanding the causes and symptoms of dry eye, individuals can take the first step towards restoring comfort and clarity to their vision. 

What is Dry Eye?

Dry eye, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a chronic eye condition characterized by inadequate tear production or poor tear quality, leading to inadequate lubrication and moisture on the surface of the eye. Dry eye occurs when the eyes fail to produce sufficient tears or the tears lack essential components, such as water, mucins, or lipids, necessary for maintaining a healthy ocular surface. 

What Causes Dry Eye?

Dry eye is a complex condition with multiple causes. Here are some of the most common factors that contribute to dry eye:

Aging and Hormonal Changes

• Decreased tear production with age
• Hormonal fluctuations during menopause or pregnancy
• Reduced androgen levels in men

Environmental Factors

• Dry air (low humidity)
• Windy or dusty environments
• Prolonged screen time (computers, smartphones, etc.)
• Air conditioning or heating
• Smoking and secondhand smoke

Medical Conditions

• Diabetes
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Lupus
• Thyroid disorders
• Blepharitis (eyelid inflammation)
• Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Medications

• Antihistamines
• Decongestants
• Blood pressure medications
• Antidepressants
• Hormone replacement therapy

Lifestyle Factors

• Prolonged contact lens wear
• Poor contact lens hygiene
• Inadequate blinking
• Reading or focusing for extended periods
• Traveling or flying

Nutritional Deficiencies

• Omega-3 deficiency
• Vitamin A deficiency
• Vitamin B12 deficiency

Surgical and Traumatic Factors

• LASIK or PRK surgery
• Cataract surgery
• Eyelid surgery
• Traumatic eye injuries

Other Factors

• Genetics
• Autoimmune disorders
• Certain medications (e.g., beta-blockers, diuretics)
• Infections (e.g., conjunctivitis, blepharitis)

What Are The Symptoms of Dry Eye?

The symptoms of dry eye can vary from person to person, but common indicators include:

Primary Symptoms

• Dryness or grittiness: Feeling of sand or dust in the eyes
• Irritation or burning: Eyes feel sore, itchy, or inflamed
• Redness: Eyes appear pink or inflamed
• Blurred vision: Difficulty seeing clearly due to tear film instability
• Eye fatigue: Feeling tired or strained after prolonged visual tasks

Secondary Symptoms

• Sensitivity to light: Discomfort or squinting in bright environments
• Difficulty wearing contact lenses: Increased irritation or discomfort
• Excessive tearing: Paradoxical tearing due to eye irritation
• Eye discomfort or pain: Sharp or dull pain in or around the eyes
• Difficulty reading or focusing: Blurred vision or eye strain

Advanced Symptoms

• Corneal ulcers: Open sores on the cornea
• Chronic eye inflammation: Persistent redness and irritation
• Vision disturbances: Double vision, ghosting, or distorted vision
• Eye discharge or crusting: Thick, yellow, or green discharge
• Eye pain or tenderness: Severe pain or sensitivity

How is Dry Eye Treated? 

Dry eye treatment depends on the severity and underlying causes of the condition. Here are common treatment options:

Lifestyle Changes

• Increase humidity: Use humidifiers, especially in dry environments.
• Blink regularly: When working on computers or reading.
• Avoid irritants: Smoke, wind, and chemicals.
• Wear sunglasses: For outdoor protection.
• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water.
• Omega-3 supplements: Anti-inflammatory benefits.

Artificial Tears and Lubricants

• Preservative-free: For sensitive eyes.
• Gels or ointments: For nighttime use.
• Refresh Lacri-Lube: For severe dryness.

Prescription Medications

• Restasis (cyclosporine): Anti-inflammatory.
• Xiidra: Anti-inflammatory.
• Steroid eye drops Short-term use for inflammation.

Surgical Options

• Punctal occlusion: Permanent blockage.
• Salivary gland transplantation: Experimental.
• LipiFlow: Thermal pulsation treatment.

In-Office Procedures

• Meibomian gland expression: Clearing blocked glands.
• Tear duct probing: Clearing blocked tear ducts.
• IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) therapy: Reducing inflammation.

Dry eye is a complex condition requiring individualized treatment. By understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options, individuals can manage their dry eye effectively. Consult an eye care professional for personalized guidance and care.